La evolución de las políticas climáticas de Estados Unidos y las oportunidades de liderazgo perdidas
Autores/as
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María del Pilar Bueno Rubial
Universidad Nacional de Rosario
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3408-6271
Resumen
El principal objetivo de este trabajo radica en exponer la evolución y las principales características de las políticas climáticas estadounidenses expresadas en sus dimensiones nacional, subnacional y exterior, que se entrelazan naturalmente. Por lo tanto, afirmamos que algunas de las principales características del enfoque político tradicional al cambio climático incluyen: un énfasis en los costos y en el impacto de las medidas para abordar el cambio climático en la economía estadounidense y su crecimiento económico; el cuestionamiento de la ciencia del clima como insuficiente para justificar los costos de la acción; el cuestionamiento de la diferenciación entre países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo, como argumento válido para que Estados Unidos tome la delantera en la acción climática internacional; la resistencia a asumir compromisos de mitigación que chocan con el principio de soberanía nacional y las libertades fundamentales heredadas de los padres fundadores, y la tensión relacionada entre el rol de los Estados y el valor de libre mercado. También reconocemos que la ideología política y el partidismo continúan desempeñando un papel clave en las políticas de cambio climático en Estados Unidos. Si bien el negacionismo político y económico del cambio climático no ha podido inmovilizar las iniciativas gubernamentales y no gubernamentales subnacionales, ha socavado la oportunidad y la responsabilidad de Estados Unidos de sostener el liderazgo y su proyección internacional. Esta contribución mantiene un enfoque cualitativo basado en el análisis de las políticas de cambio climático a diferentes escalas. Se basa principalmente en el análisis de datos documentales y cualitativos.Palabras clave:
Estados Unidos, Cambio Climático, Políticas Climáticas, LiderazgoReferencias
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